Riordan Gap Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Riordan Gap Analysis - Essay Example Consequently, changes within the company have left Riordan to cope with a mass of challenges. Current changes have led to a decline in morale, work ethics, and employee retention. The consistent two-year regression means that the company has to focus on increasing sales and profit, aligning the staff, reducing turnover rates and increasing job satisfaction. The R & D department has the challenge of developing three new products to meet the following year. The strategic choice at the function level is â€Å"how should total compensation help gain and sustain competitive advantage† (Milkovich & Newman 2004). The company is faced with creating a new rewards system that includes compensation, salary, and benefits. The cost of implementing such a plan is also a concern for Riordan. The problem is the company is divided into three groups that do not agree or have different perspectives on rewards motivation, how to disburse incentives and what department should receive compensation. Some chief officers do not agree that a compensation system should be implemented, which has lead to an even bigger dilemma. Ultimately, while the challenges are seemingly overwhelming, there is a silver lining of opportunities available to Riordan. â€Å"Managing compensation strategically means fitting the compensation system to the business and environmental conditions† (Milkovich & Newman 2004). The CEO has allocated $50,000 to higher a consultant. This allows the company the opportunity to develop a solutions study survey that can help with job satisfaction, decrease turnover, and increase employee morale. This study will identify the underlying issues leading to decreased employee satisfaction and recommend potential mitigations for addressing the issues. Equally important are the stakeholders’ needs and ethical dilemmas that have developed with the challenges and

Selected Personal Hygienic Measures Health And Social Care Essay

Selected Personal Hygienic Measures Health And Social Care Essay Hygiene is an old concept related to medicine as well as to personal and professional care practices related to most aspects of living, although it is most often wrongly associated with cleanliness. In medicine, hygiene practices are employed as preventive measures to reduce the incidence and spreading of disease. Other uses of the term appear in phrases including body hygiene, dental hygiene, mental hygiene used in connection with public health. The term hygiene is derived from hygienic, the Greek goddess of health, cleanliness and sanitation. Hygiene is also the name of the branch of science that deals with the promotion and prevention of health, also called hygienic. Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean to practice dental problems and bad breath. Teeths cleaning is the removal of dental plaque and tartar from teeth to prevent cavities, gingivitis and gum disease causes at least one-third of adult tooth loss. Good oral hygiene essential for preventing tartar build up which causes the problems mentioned above. This was done by carefully and frequently brush and the use of dental floss to prevent accumulation of plaque on the teeth. Hand washing for hand hygiene is the act o cleaning the hands with or without the use of water or another liquid or soap, for the purpose of removing soil, dirt and micro-organisms. The hygiene behavior has been shown to cut the number of child deaths from diarrhea and from pneumonia. Kinder garden which is otherwise called as the term childrens garden is a type of education which is given for small children. Through this method children attained some basic skills. The children between the ages of 2 and 7 years are usually attending the kinder garden. Good personal hygiene is essential in reducing the risk of infection from pathogenic microorganisms mainly by limiting person-to-person contamination. NEED FOR THE STUDY Personal hygiene is very important because no one likes to a person who stinks and is dirty. So, whoever you are and whatever you go to remember, wash your hands before you eat and your feet before you sleep. Threadworms are a fairly common occurrence especially in children and can cause more distress for the parent of the child than the actual person whom has the complaints. It can be prevented by making sure that everyone in the household abilities by some basic hygienic rules like wash the hands after using the toilet every time, wash hands before eating, educate the children on the importance of hygiene. Teaching correct and acceptable hygiene principles is vital to achieve lifelong habits of prevention and spread of illness and infections, but also to maintain a suitable appearance an avoid offending others. Allow youngsters to attempt to clean their own teeth even if they need cleaning afterwards, they will enjoy the responsibility. Give encouragement to maintain their own hygiene and will carry this knowledge with them through life. (W.Pope, et.al., 1996). Diarrhea is a serious global public health problem, particularly in low- income middle income countries. The WHO estimate that over 3 million episodes occur each year, with many people dying, especially children aged, 5 years in low middle income countries. Persistent diarrhea also contribute to malnutrition, reduce resistance to infections sometimes impaired growth development. The organisms causing diarrhea can be transmitted from infected faeces to people through food water, person to person conduct, or direct conduct. Hand washing after defecation handling faeces before preparing eating food can reduce the risk of diarrhea. ( Ehiri JE, Meremikwumm critchley JA Hand washing for preventing diarrhea Cochrane Database of systemic reviews 2008). Good oral hygiene is very much useful and essential for young children. Hence the children must be taught regarding practicing oral hygienic measures. Hand washing is very much important is prevention of infection in young children as well as for the adult. The researcher personally felt from the experience on seeing the children that an effort may be reverse the life style habits of improper personal hygiene to manage infection and reduce the incidence of dental carries, diarrhea. So the researcher is interested to conduct this study which may mutually benefit the children and also the society. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study to assess the effectiveness of kinder garden method of teaching on selected personal hygienic measures in terms of practice among students in a selected school at Salem. OBJECTIVES To develop and validate the kinder garden method of teaching regarding selected personal hygienic measures. To assess and compare the mean pre-test and mean post test practice score on selected personal hygienic measures among samples. To find the association between the pre-test practice of selected personal hygienic measures among samples and their selected demographic variables (gender, area, siblings). HYPOTHESES: (Level of significance at p H1: The mean post-test practice score on hand washing technique will be higher than the mean pre-test practice score among samples. H2: The mean post-test practice score on brushing technique will be higher than the mean pre-test practice score among samples. H3: There will be significant association between the pre-test practice score on hand washing technique among samples and their selected demographic variables (gender, area, siblings). H4: There will be significant association between the pre-test practice score on brushing technique among samples and their selected demographic variables (gender, area, siblings). OPPERATIONAL DEFINITONS 1. Effectiveness: It refers to the change in the level of practice of Upper kinder garden school children regarding selected personal hygienic measures. a) Practice on selected personal hygienic Measures: It includes oral hygiene Hand hygiene. The oral hygiene includes the following aspects like brushing, Gargling general aspects and the hand hygiene means Nail cutting, Hand washing. The practice score is classified as, if the practice level is 75%- graded as adequate. 2. Kinder garden method of teaching on selected personal hygienic measures: It means teaching the children by adapting different methods like Rhymes, Pictures, and Demonstration with models. Through this method the importances and various aspects of hand washing technique and brushing technique taught to the kinder garden children. 3. Students: It refers to the child of both genders between the age group of 4-6 years studying upper kinder garden in selected schools at Salem. 4. Demographic Variables: Gender: Boy and Girl children. Area: Urban and Rural. Siblings: One, Two. Brushing teeth per day: Once, Twice ASSUMPTIONS The child may have inadequate practice regarding selected personal hygienic measures. Kinder garden method of teaching may be an effective tool for creating awareness on practice of personal hygienic measures. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Permission obtained from the administrative authority of all the selected private school Salem. All information was kept confidential and used only for the present study. DELIMITATION The study was delimited to only selected private school at Salem. Data collection period was delimited to 6 weeks. Evaluation of effectiveness of selected hygiene measures is in term of practice. SUMMARY This chapter dealt with the introduction, need for the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, operational definitions, assumptions, delimitations, and ethical considerations.

Nirvana - Nevermind :: essays research papers fc

History of Rock and Roll There possibly isn't an album in history that is as genre defining as Nirvana's Nevermind. Released in 1991, it single handedly was responsible for the birth of what became to be known as grunge and has gone on to sell over 10 million copies in the United States alone (Stuessy, Joe). It reached number 1 in 1991 and was the first album to bring Seattle grunge to the mainstream audience (Stuessy, Joe). Nevermind is a mix of slow, dark songs and fast paced grunge rock songs. With its grinding guitars, pounding drums, and lead singer, Kurt Cobain's distinctive voice, Nevermind found a distinctive way to fuse alternative punk with 70's rock (Nirvana, Nevermind). The biggest influential song on Nirvana’s Nevermind album was the first song, â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit.† It reached number 6 on the Top 40 Charts. This song was groundbreaking for Nirvana and the alternative music scene as a whole. After the release of â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit,† white, middle-class youth of the United States finally had a style of music to call their own and express their â€Å"teenage anthems† (Stuessy, Joe). This was the first song to emerge from alternative rock and to be known in the mainstream of rock and roll, expressing their generation’s expectations, â€Å"...here we are now, entertain us†(Stuessy, Joe). â€Å"Smells like Teen Spirit† was Curt Cobain’s â€Å"attempt to write the ultimate pop song†(Nevermind, Nirvana). He used the soft-loud dynamics of his favorite band, the Pixies. The insidious hooks also showed his admiration for the Beatle’s John Lennon(Nevermind, Nirvana). Th e style used in this song is simple, plain, loud, and straight-forward. Musically, there is nothing very â€Å"innovative† or difficult. However, the reason it is important to rock history is because it brought America’s attention to the once before underground style of grunge. â€Å"A driving drum beat, powered by Novelsek’s rhythmic bass, and a memorable guitar riff and solo, mix perfectly with Kurt Cobain’s depressing yet humorous lyrics† (Kastner, Patrick). While it has certainly been overplayed in the past years, it is still an essential part of Rock history. â€Å"Come As You Are† and â€Å"Polly† showcase that Nirvana were not only a band interested in seeing people jump up and down and scream at shows. Many people, fans and celebrities alike consider â€Å"Polly† to be Kurt Cobain’s most well written song. â€Å"Polly†, number six, is a story of a girl who got molested and tortured and sexually abused. Nirvana - Nevermind :: essays research papers fc History of Rock and Roll There possibly isn't an album in history that is as genre defining as Nirvana's Nevermind. Released in 1991, it single handedly was responsible for the birth of what became to be known as grunge and has gone on to sell over 10 million copies in the United States alone (Stuessy, Joe). It reached number 1 in 1991 and was the first album to bring Seattle grunge to the mainstream audience (Stuessy, Joe). Nevermind is a mix of slow, dark songs and fast paced grunge rock songs. With its grinding guitars, pounding drums, and lead singer, Kurt Cobain's distinctive voice, Nevermind found a distinctive way to fuse alternative punk with 70's rock (Nirvana, Nevermind). The biggest influential song on Nirvana’s Nevermind album was the first song, â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit.† It reached number 6 on the Top 40 Charts. This song was groundbreaking for Nirvana and the alternative music scene as a whole. After the release of â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit,† white, middle-class youth of the United States finally had a style of music to call their own and express their â€Å"teenage anthems† (Stuessy, Joe). This was the first song to emerge from alternative rock and to be known in the mainstream of rock and roll, expressing their generation’s expectations, â€Å"...here we are now, entertain us†(Stuessy, Joe). â€Å"Smells like Teen Spirit† was Curt Cobain’s â€Å"attempt to write the ultimate pop song†(Nevermind, Nirvana). He used the soft-loud dynamics of his favorite band, the Pixies. The insidious hooks also showed his admiration for the Beatle’s John Lennon(Nevermind, Nirvana). Th e style used in this song is simple, plain, loud, and straight-forward. Musically, there is nothing very â€Å"innovative† or difficult. However, the reason it is important to rock history is because it brought America’s attention to the once before underground style of grunge. â€Å"A driving drum beat, powered by Novelsek’s rhythmic bass, and a memorable guitar riff and solo, mix perfectly with Kurt Cobain’s depressing yet humorous lyrics† (Kastner, Patrick). While it has certainly been overplayed in the past years, it is still an essential part of Rock history. â€Å"Come As You Are† and â€Å"Polly† showcase that Nirvana were not only a band interested in seeing people jump up and down and scream at shows. Many people, fans and celebrities alike consider â€Å"Polly† to be Kurt Cobain’s most well written song. â€Å"Polly†, number six, is a story of a girl who got molested and tortured and sexually abused.

The Booker Prize

The Booker Prize award is considered to be one of the most prestigious recognition of the literary world and it represents one of the most important international rewards for any writer, ne it a famous or a little known one. As any award of its king, it stands as a full acknowledgement of the efforts and endeavors of writers from different periods of time. Despite the fact that it does not have the same international impact as the Nobel Prize for literature, it is viewed as a major asset in the writing career of its winners.However, it can be argued that the contribution of the award is two folded, as there are both advantages and disadvantages for winning the prize. Still, it is rather hard to determine the extent to which one of these two elements prevails. It may be that in the career of an already famous writer the role such a prize plays be rather limited as most often this award is solely a different acknowledgement of the literary merits in a series of awards. On the other han d, for emerging new literary talents or for little known fiction authors, it plays a significant role.This is why, in order to have a better comprehension of the influence the Booker Prize has and the power of the award in itself, first and foremost it is important to take into account the history of the Prize and the tendencies it followed. Secondly, the actual advantages and disadvantages of the prize cannot be determined in general terms, but must be focused on particular examples. In this sense, the present paper aims at discussing â€Å"Vernon God Little† and â€Å"The Inheritance of Loss†, two of the novels which captured this award in 2003 and 2006 respectively.In this context, a coherent analysis can be made in relation to their state prior to winning the award and afterwards. Finally, some conclusions can be drawn which may shed some light on the possible advantages and disadvantages of awarding little known authors the Prize, through the experience of the two writers. History and tendencies of the Booker Prize The Booker Prize or the Man Booker Prize at it is known since 2002 was fist established in 1968 and â€Å"aims to reward the best novel of the year written by a citizen of the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland† (The Booker Prize Foundation, 2008).Through a process of astute selection, authors in the English speaking world are rewarded for their literary efforts in the area of fictional work and are given the possibility to claim worldwide recognition. The Prize was established by the Booker Company â€Å"but administered since 1971 by the charitable concern the Book Trust (formerly the National Book League), the Prize, first awarded to P. H. Newby (Something to Answer For) in 1969, soon grew into one of Britain's most recognizable cultural institutions† (Huggan, 2001, 107).From this point of view, the prize in itself is therefore viewed as one of the most important literary acclaims of the world. The early star t of the award was directly related to the historical evolutions taking place especially in the Commonwealth but also throughout the world. The end of the 1960s represented not only a time of an increased literary activity but also a time of great political turmoil. In this sense, the decolonization proves was an important factor in outlining not only the national relations inside the former colonies, but also in determining the future contacts with the former colonial powers.The issue of colonialism was raised quite often throughout the history of the Prize, taking into account the fact that the company which organizes and sponsors the yearly event was well known for its sugar plantations in areas such as the West Indies. In this sense, there were certain controversies which arose throughout the years in relation to this matter. In one occasion, in 1972 the winner of the Prize, John Berger, declared that he would support the black extremist movement, the â€Å"Black Panther† in defiance of what he labeled as being a colonial rule on the territory (The Book Prize Foundation, 2007).Therefore, it was important especially for Great Britain to undergo all sorts of programs that would allow it to maintain a good and strong relation with its former colonies. In this sense, the Prize represented a connection between the artistic environments of different countries from the Commonwealth, Ireland, or South Africa. It was yet another element that placed these countries together and defined their common cultural heritage from the past.Therefore, it can be argued that, aside from its literary value, the Prize played a particular role in forging and rewarding the essence of culture and literature in particular from the Commonwealth countries. Despite constant controversy and discussions over the merits and awards given along the years, there have been some important names which have claimed the award, and at the same time, there were impressive newcomers which burst on the literary scene after winning the award. The first winner of the prize was in 1969 P H Newby for â€Å"Something to answer for†.Taking into account the fact that it was the first edition of the awards, it raised without a doubt certain controversies. This was largely due to the fact that the winner was known beforehand and it was considered that a free competition and fairness had not yet been set in place. Still, the author remains in the annals of the Booker Prize as the first winner of the award. There are resounding names which have claimed this literary recognition. Among them, William Golding in 1980 for Rites of Passage, in 1982 Thomas Keneally for Schindler’s Ark, or 1989’s Kazuo Ishiguro's Remains of the Day.All these authors and many more considered the prize as being an important asset in their literary careers and remain to this day reference points of the English speaking literature. However, there are little known writers who claimed the pri ze and soon after, emerged as rising stars of the literary world. Some of the names include 1985 winner Keri Hulme with The Bone People. The winner was on his first novel which, following the prize, came to experience incredible success (The Booker Foundation, 2007).Throughout the history of the prize, there has been a lot of controversy regarding the system of awarding the prize, and even the ceremony in itself. However, as the years went by, the format of the prizes, including the actual event in which the prize was given would adapt to the rigors of an emerging global entertainment society. More precisely, if in the beginning the event did not enjoy the spotlight in the literary and television society, in 1976, â€Å"Melvyn Bragg presented the first ever TV broadcast of the Booker Prize, live on BBC2† (The Booker Foundation, 2007).This came to be an acknowledgement of the importance the prize came to have in the literary world and in the English society as well. At the sam e time however, due to the fact that the artistic part of the awarding ceremony became more and more important for the audience and the media coverage the event started to receive, the controversies surrounding the event took an ascending trend. In this sense, â€Å"many have accused the prize committee of catering to either the needs of otherwise unknown authors in the right place at the right time or to the same few authors each year.Political agendas and profit motives have also received much attention in recent years, further fuelling the controversy surrounding the prize† (Jacobson, 1997). From this point of view, one can argue that the controversies surrounding the prize have in most occasions shifted the focus from the literary event it was meant to be in the beginning to a marketing occasion it is now considered to be. The tendency nowadays is rather hard to determine due to the different points of view shared by analysts.In this sense, while the organizers and part o f the media considers it to be â€Å"the world's most important literary award and has the power to transform the fortunes of authors and even publishers† (The Booker Prize Foundation, 2007), others view it as â€Å"an enormously successful marketing vehicle for nominated authors and their publishers alike† (Jacobson, 1997). Yet, for some of the winners, these two perspectives can find a worthy combination which can acknowledge the quality of their work and promote the sale of their books at the same time. The Booker Prize: young writers and first time novelistsOne of the most important aspects of the Booker Prize is given by the possible impact it has on the actual winners. While there is little discussion on the advantages well known authors draw from winning the prestigious prize, a more relevant discussion would be on the effects it has on first time novelists who are awarded the prize. In this context, the effects can be seen more in the careers of first time nove lists due to the fact that it represents the first recognition of their work and therefore its impact can be better assessed. Indeed, the biggest impact the prize has is on the author who actually wins the award.In this sense, D B C Pierre won the award in 2003 with â€Å"Vernon God Little†. His won of the prize is considered to be one of the most interesting surprises of the event. According to the most reviews at the time, the writer was considered to be an underdog in comparison to his rivals, as â€Å"It beat a shortlist including the first novel by Monica Ali, Brick Lane, which was the bookmakers' favorite and has been the biggest seller in the shops, and Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood, the only established author to make it to the final round of judging† (Jury, 2003).From this first perspective, it can be seen the fact that in the judging process the focus of the jury tried to be on first time novelists as well as on established ones. This approach tends to gi ve certain equilibrium to the awarding process and to take into account a wide variety of literary submissions. The choice of the jury at the time was unanimous; therefore there was little doubt on the potential winner. The unity of the choice was considered to be justified due to the important message the text tried to convey.The story of a young teenager from Texas whose life evolves as he tries to face up the challenges of poverty, violence, and family misery was impressive for the panel of the judges who claimed that the book is a â€Å"coruscating black comedy reflecting our alarm but also our fascination with modern America† (Jury, 2003). Indeed the emotional touch on the novel came from the author’s own personal experience as a drug addict in search for his own identity and individual recognition of the self.There are certain objective elements which drew the attention on the novel itself. Firstly, there was indeed the personal affection of the author which tran sformed the book into an impressionable work. Secondly, there was the subject which dealt with a serious issue affecting America at the time. High school shootings and violence among teenagers were considered, and still are viewed as being an essential challenge facing the society due to the questions it actually raises on the values driving the society forward.In this sense, critics considered that â€Å"†the storyline for this book is one that you would as much see played out today on the six o'clock news as read in a novel and has for this reason struck a chord with book lovers† (Jury, 2003). Therefore, the actuality of the story combined with the drama of the personal history of the author made the novel receive the most acclaimed British literary award. The reviews were however split following the award ceremony as not everybody considered such a literary work to be worthy of the prestige of this prize.In this sense, â€Å"picking up on Finlay's notorious past, Th e Daily Telegraph described his win as â€Å"highly embarrassing† for the prize's organizers and sponsor, the Man group. The Guardian called him the â€Å"oddest and most controversial character† to have won the award, while The Independent's literary editor, Boyd Tonkin, said he was a â€Å"novelist whose background makes the antics of most young writers look tame in the extreme† (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2003). Therefore, the cutting edge of the novel was not fully appreciated by traditional literary reviews who considered it to be a choice too daring for the conservatory nature of the award.However, despite the criticism that surfaced after the award ceremony, another element was introduced in the justification for rewarding Finlay’s artistic effort with the prize. Therefore, it was considered that taking into account such a novel and the fact that the winner was in fact a debutant on the literary scene, the focus of the Booker Prize may have shifted from the well acclaimed authors to the ones that have not been top of the selling lists. In this way, the Booker Prize Foundation would engage itself in an endeavor meant at promoting the new talents and at reintroducing young literature to the public.Another important presence on the list of the winners of the Booker Prize is the 2006 jury’s choice in the person of Kiran Desai and her novel â€Å"The Inheritance of Loss†. At 35, she was the youngest female writer to receive the award and this element, along with the quality of her work, attracted the attention of both the jury and the public worldwide. She contested the prize with other five writers, including her mother who had been nominated before for the award, yet never won it (BBC, 2006).Among the other writers from the short list, there were authors with more experience and with more public consideration such as Sarah Waters or Kate Greenville. Still, she became the youngest winner of the award. This was due i n part to the new attempt of the Booker Prize Foundation to try to promote new talents and in part to the emotional story Desai’s novel portrayed, a story of â€Å"globalisation, multiculturalism, inequality and the different forms of love† (Pryor, 2006).From the perspective of Finlay’s experience with the Booker Prize as well as Kiran Desai’s, it can be said that there are both advantages and disadvantages in winning the award. Firstly, one of the most important advantages of the award is the financial aspect. On being awarded the prize, the winner receives ? 50,000 and the tacit commitment of the Foundation to continuously promote the novel. In the case of Finlay’s personal history, in the conditions in which he lived a life of poverty following the loss of his family fortune, the financial aspect can be seen as being of considerable importance (Greer, 2003).Secondly, another advantage of young or debutant writers receiving this prestigious award is the wide recognitions they receive following the ceremony. Before the award, Finlay was far from being an award winning character. His life of drugs, alcohol, and misery would not have presented himself as a possible valuable mind for the literary world. Even more, his past has often been invoked as being unworthy of a Booker Prize winner. Yet, after the recognition he received from the Booker Foundation, many of his critics turned to admit his literary merits in presenting a new face of everyday life in America.In this way, aside from the fact that he managed to draw the attention on the misery and distress affecting local societies in America, he also succeeded in underlining the effects of an abuse led life. Similarly, in Desai’s situation, the award represented both a personal recognition of her young talent, as well as a proof of the the attention the issues addressed by her book received following the award. In this sense, â€Å"the judges hailed â€Å"The Inherit ance of Loss† as a magnificent novel of humane breadth and wisdom, comic tenderness and powerful political acuteness† (BBC, 2006).Thus, another advantage of the award received by a young talent is the fact that by recognizing the value of the book, the jury also acknowledges both the new perspective given to certain elements such as cross culture issues and, at the same time, underlines the importance of the issues under discussion for the contemporary society. Probably one of the most important advantages young winners and first time novelists benefit from is the increase in sales of their books. Most winners received not only wide acclaim from the critics, but also from the public.For instance, â€Å"the 1978 winner, Iris Murdoch's ‘The Sea, The Sea’ (†¦) has a rate of continuing popularity which almost all of today's authors would give their eye teeth to equal† (Ezard, 2004). Therefore, most authors du find fame and fortune following the award winner status. Kiran Desai ensured the Penguin fiction division a rise in sales of two percent immediately after winning the Booker Prize award. Thus, the success of her book was also viewed in the choice of the readers. Still, one of the most important elements which drew the attention of the public was precisely the label of Booker Prize winner.Similarly, Fanley’s story was proposed for a film adaptation as a result of the critics’ acclaim (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2004). Hence, each in his or hers own way managed to reach success as a result of the Booker Prize. Aside from the various, especially financial advantages, there are also considerable disadvantages of the Prize being given to young or first time novelists. One of the most important however is the eventual commercialization of the literary content in an attempt to win the prestigious prize.In this sense, â€Å"because of the marketing potential and the industry-renowned judges, the Booker Prize now is a very high stakes award. Authors, in turn, have more reason to tailor their work to the expectations of the Booker arbiters† (Jacobson, 1997). As a result, the quality of the works may decrease in the attempt to write attractive novels for the judges in the panel rather for the public. Hence, the prize has come to be a goal in itself, rather than an actual recognition. Young artists and first time novelists tend to fall in this trap most often due to the lack of experience and a limited identification of their own personal style.Moreover, due to the increased media attention on the prize, the entire process becomes more focused on the financial aspect, rather than on the artistic value of the recognition in itself. It is considered thus that â€Å"all in all, there can be little doubt that the Booker, more than any other literary prize in recent history, has blazed a trail in the commercialization of English-language literature† (Huggan, 2001). Overall, it can be said that the Booker Prize has had an important influence on its winners, but also on the new tendencies it rewards through the acknowledgement of certain artists.However, another true element is the fact that the commercialization of the entire process has led to the dilution of the value of such a prize. This is why it is important that the Booker Prize award new talents or even little known artists, without regard to their personal or ethnical background because it would prove that the most important element the Booker Prize takes into account is talent and literary achievement, rather than fame and public notoriety. Bibliography BBC. â€Å"Kiran Desai claims Booker title†. BBC News. 2006. 6 January 2008 Desai,Kiran.The Inheritance of Loss. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2005. Ezard, John. â€Å"Booker prize's long-term fame lottery†. The Guardian. 2004. 6 January 2008 Greer, W. R. Book Review – Vernon God Little by DBC Pierre. 2003. 6 January 2008 Huggan, G raham. The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins. Routledge. : New York, 2001. Jacobson, Warren. The Booker Prize. 1997. 6 January 2008 Jury, Louise. â€Å"Debut novelist defies odds to win Booker prize†.The Independent. 2003. 6 January 2008 Pierre, D. B. C. Vernon God Little. London: Faber and Faber, 2005. Pryor, Fiona. â€Å"Review: The Inheritance of Loss†. BBC News. 2006. 6 January 2008 The Booker Prize Foundation. About the prize. 2007. 6 January 2008 The Booker Prize Foundation. Hitting the headlines. 2007. 6 January 2008 The Booker Prize Foundation. The Booker Prize. 2008. 6 January 2008

Lemurs in Madagascar: Surviving on an Island of Change Transcript

Lemurs in Madagascar: Surviving on an Island of Change Transcript Speakers: Ian Tattersall, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Michelle Sauther, Frank Cuozzo (Rain trickling, lemur sounds: squeaking and calling) (Music playing in background) IAN TATTERSALL: I think everybody who is involved with lemurs is concerned for the future. We’re in a finite island that cannot infinitely be exploited and ravaged. And if present trends continue, the outlook for any of the natural habitat or any of the lemurs is fairly poor. (Birds chirping) Lemurs are members of the order primates, that is to say the large group of mammals to which human beings also belong.And they’d found they are uniquely in Madagascar and on a couple of the adjacent islands of the Comoros group. (Music playing in background) An evolutionary radiation is the diversification of different species from the same ancestor and once a new kind of organism like a primate comes into a new environment as happened in Madagascar about six ty million years ago; there are many, many different ways in which that environment can be exploited. It’s very hard to say exactly how many species of lemur there are because new species are being described all of the time.But in general terms, there now looks to be about thirty to thirty-five species of lemurs and it shows us just what the potential of primates is to occupy an enormous range of different habitats. (Music playing in background) Habitat destruction takes place on a much shorter time scale than evolutionary change and the amount of change that is happening so rapidly in Madagascar as a result of human activities is clearly something with which no evolutionary process can cope. JONAH RATSIMBAZAFY: Now we are here in Ranomafana National Park in the southeastern rainforest of Madagascar.This place used to be loved by loggers but since the park was created, the forest started to be productive. Here in Ranomafana, there are twelve different species of lemurs. Seven are active during the day and five are active during the night. There are many different ways of studying lemurs. It depends on what you want to look at. (Speaking in background) I look at the behavior and how the behavior fits in the habitat. For example, if you want to know which foot and what prints they rely on because if we can continue to protect the habitat, that will help to protect them or to conserve them.Every five minutes we take note what species of tree, who the closest neighbor is, the closest trail, because we want to know where do they go to estimate the home range and if they eat, what do they eat. Some species cope better than the others. If you are a specialist on your diet and if people cut down your food, you are gone. For example, the bamboo lemur. They exclusively eat bamboo and if people cut down those plants, they are gone. They can disappear very fast. (Music playing in background) IAN TATTERSALL: Different lemurs are affected in different ways by the env ironmental destruction that is going on in Madagascar.Some lemurs are in danger, some are critically endangered, some are vulnerable, and some are threatened. The less vulnerable ones are the ones that do well in secondary habitats, in habitats that have been altered by people. MICHELLE SAUTHER: We’re at a site called Beza Mahafaly, and it incorporates a protective reserve as well as areas outside of the reserve and our research here focuses on the effects of fragmentation and changes in habitat on lemur biology and their behavior. We study lemur catta which is the ring-tailed lemur. It’s the type of lemur most people have seen in zoos.They are one of the most far ranging of the lemurs. They are incredibly adaptable and one of the things that we are kind of interested in is what is the biology of adaptation or what is the biology of avoiding becoming extinct. And because ring-tailed lemurs are so widespread, and that’s not to say they’re not threatened, b ut they seem to be able to deal a lot behaviorally and biologically with habitat change. I think what we’re seeing in terms of the troops we were looking at today is a troop that is actually utilizing some of the anthropogenic change.They will go out and utilize local people’s crops so they are actually exploiting some of the habitat that has been degraded and turned into crop land for their own use. FRANK CUOZZO: In terms of the ring-tailed lemurs, because they are rather generalist, they do seem to adjust to different types of disturbance. As Michelle mentioned a few moments ago, it doesn’t mean that we don’t have to watch out or think about it and it doesn’t mean there aren’t very real threats to long-term survival, but ring-tails specifically seem to deal with things in ways that some of the more specialized lemurs don’t.MICHELLE SAUTHER: But there is always limitations to those though. That’s what we’re trying to un derstand is where are you when you get to the limits of even a ring-tailed lemur in terms of being able to adapt. (Music playing in background) I used to feel depressed when I came here because, again, you see the habitat changing and a lot of fragmentation occurring. I feel a bit better now because we’re trying to really get a handle on what sort of ways you can interact with local people because that is the reality.What you saw around here is the reality of Madagascar. IAN TATTERSAL: I think what we ought to be looking for in terms of conservation is habitats to protect and what we need to do is to find those places where, with the least disturbance to local people or to the greatest benefit of local people, tracks of forest that support the native fauna of Madagascar can be conserved. (Lemur sound) [End of Audio] Copyright  © 2006 by Films Media Group. All rights reserved. Adapted with permission.

what is HDTV essays

what is HDTV essays What is HDTV? HDTV, the first completely new TV standard since the introduction of the medium in the 40's, allows a picture with much finer visual detail and better color than the NTSC standards used with today's analog TV sets. Pictures can have 3 to 5 times the sharpness of today's broadcasts and no noise or snow. A good analogy is that you can see picture improvement like CD's improved over vinyl records! And speaking of sound, HDTV broadcasts also include CD quality surround sound based on the Dolby Digital (AC3) standard. HDTV sets use a wide screen more like those in movie theaters (16:9 width to height ratio compared to 4:3 today). These new sets may also be compatible with PC's so you may look forward to combination TV/PC applications. Should you put off buying a TV now and wait for the first HDTV sets to hit the market? Good question! We believe the set you buy today will serve you well for many years and that the HDTV experience will take a long time to develop in terms of affordability and programming choices. Aside from our ardent desire to sell TV's this year we think there are a number of facts which support this position: The FCC has mandated that standard TV signals continue to be broadcast through the year 2006 to insure a smooth transition to HDTV. This deadline may be moved back if consumers and/or the Congress protest having to throw away or upgrade their existing sets but it will certainly not be moved forward. The set you buy today will have signals to show for at least nine years! Manufacturer's plan to introduce add-on boxes to allow conventional TV sets to receive and show digital broadcasts. Of course you won't see broadcasts in a wide screen format and you may not see all of the resolution that MAY be broadcast, but you will be able to watch your set beyond 2006 and you can add the converter box at any time before that. Broadcasters outside of the top 30 markets are not mandated to begin ANY di ...

Roaring 20s essays

Roaring 20's essays Jazz clubs and bobbed hair, isolation and revolution, all of these were things that, in one way or another, made the 1920s roar. The twenties were a time of economic and social growth for many Americans, but it was also a time of great hardship for many. The 1920s were fascinating in the way that there were so many changes occurring in society. It is still difficult to decide though as to whether or not the 1920s were a time of rebellion or a time of conservatism. During the 1920s there were trends of both conservatism as well as rebellion occurring simultaneously. Many women from the middle to upper class were beginning to change their appearances and attitudes. Many of these women could be deemed rebels simply because of the way they began dressing. These women were wearing shorter skirts, cutting their hair short and even wearing mens pants. These new trends were seen as horrid and indecent. Women were also beginning to wear make up, which only a few years earlier was only worn by prostitutes. This was not the only way that women were breaking the mold though, women were now entering new fields in the work force. Women were now doing jobs that many people had felt women could not do. Not everything in the twenties was about pushing the envelope though. There was also a trend now where a woman was expected to keep up both her appearance as well as her home. Parents were now supposed to show more affection for their children and spouses as well. These are more conservative trends that were very prevalent throughout the 1920s. The economy played a huge role in all of the trends that occurred in the 1920s. People who were in the middle to upper classes were doing very well. The economy was doing well and many people becoming rich off of the stock market. When the economy rises people begin to worry more about fashion and appearance because they can afford to. This is what was happening during the twenties, people were doing...

Academic Prerequisites to Apply to Medical School

Academic Prerequisites to Apply to Medical School Perhaps it goes without saying that gaining admission to medical school is challenging.  Nearly 50,000 students submit applications each year and about 20,000 matriculate into medical school programs the following Fall semester. How do you ensure entry? While you cant ensure that youll be accepted, you can increase your odds. The successful medical student most commonly holds a pre-med major. But a pre-med major is not the only way to prepare for medical school admissions  Some applicants decide against premed majors.  They earn biology or chemistry degrees, either because their universities don’t offer premed majors or because of their own personal interests.  Science degrees are common because although it’s possible to gain admission to medical school without a pre-med degree, all med schools require that applicants take at minimum eight science classes. These requirements are outlined by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), which accredits medical schools. That means that completing these courses is a non-negotiable part of your med school application. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, you must take, at minimum:   One year of BiologyOne year of Physics  One year of EnglishTwo years of Chemistry (organic and inorganic Chemistry) Why Is So Much Science Required? Medicine is an interdisciplinary field in that medical research incorporates skills, concepts, and findings from the many subfields within biology, chemistry, and other sciences.  Successful medical students have a background in these fields that serve as a baseline for their education in medicine.   Medical Schools Are Not Just Interested in Science Classes in mathematics are also important, though not required by the AAMC. Good grades in math indicate that you are able to reason and think like a scientist. The following courses are recommended but not required. Note the integration of liberal arts skills. Additional Recommendations Genetics (Often required)Calculus (Required by many)Molecular biologyStatistics or epidemiologyPsychology (Upper-level course)NeuroscienceEthicsWriting These recommended courses illustrate the basic educational themes that med schools look for in applicants:  the capacity for science, logical thinking, good communication skills, and high ethical standards. It’s Not Just About the Classes Getting into medical school does not simply require completing a set of classes.  Your performance in science classes (and all classes) matters. Specifically, you must earn high grades.  Your overall grade point average (GPA) must be no lower than 3.5 on the US 4.0 scale. Non-science and science GPAs are calculated separately but you should earn at least a 3.5 in each. Ultimately, you don’t need to be a pre-med major to complete these courses and meet the prerequisites for medical school, but a pre-med major makes it easier for you to fulfill all of the prerequisites within 4 years of college. A pre-med major is helpful but not necessary.

Filling an ELP form Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Filling an ELP form - Assignment Example Towards this end, I have worked in a leading telecommunications company and have gained experience during my time there. I have a passion for computers and like to learn new skills related to the field. I hope to do well in my coursework and exams so as to enable me to complete the course. I have observed that there are lots of companies that pay good salaries to the computer engineers and my desire is to land a job that pays me anywhere between 1700 and 2000 pounds. During my internship or summer placement with the company, I learnt a lot about real world experience related to the computer industry and found what it takes to be a good computer engineer. Because of this experience, I have knowledge of what it takes to specialise in different courses related to computer engineering. The name of the post and recruiting organisation and source of job advert should be identified. If applying for industrial placement, summer project placement or professional practice identify an opportuntity. Or, if writing about self-employment, the business idea should be identified. From the following seven competency-based questions, select three that are most relevant to your career aspiration. The seven competencies can be related to all graduate roles including self-employment. You have identified a career aspiration and there is some evidence of description/opportunities connected with it. However, I would like to see more content, written much more clearly eg a description of the role, as you are well below the word count for the task. Overall, the grammar not up to the standard required. You may find it helpful to get a friend with a good command of English to read it through for you. Your examples seem as if they have potential to show that you understand the competencies. However, there is insufficient description for me to make this judgement as yet. You need to be more descriptive

Information Need For Accounting Information System AIS Research Paper

Information Need For Accounting Information System AIS - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that  corporate leaders might consider the accounting information system as a system that can function efficiently independent of the overall management system as long as it is developed in the right manner and in line with the objectives of the company. However, this can lead to improper assumptions of the accounting information system because the accounting information system is one of the important components of the management system and as such must be integrated into business management and its performances as a part of the overall management system function.As the report discusses  improper assumptions on accounting information systems and related information could have the most negative potential impacts in business operations. First, improper assumptions could cost an organization loses in money and time in its business operations. For example, if an improper assumption is made and leads to miscalculation of important calculations required ensu ring that a business operation becomes a success, over-estimation or under-estimation of resources could be caused. A business operation could be overfunded or underfunded because of an improper assumption, something that could be realized later into the project. This could bring about unimaginable loses for the organization.  Improper assumptions could affect planning and lead to incorrect assumptions about the requirements of a business operation.

The Layoff Procedure and the Effect of Layoff on Remaining Workers Assignment

The Layoff Procedure and the Effect of Layoff on Remaining Workers - Assignment Example Any organization especially those formed for the purpose of profit has different stakeholders (like shareholders, owners, the top management, employees, creditors etc). it could be said that workers have conflicting interests with the management and or stakeholders and owners. The former seeks to hold a secure job with maximum compensation and other benefits while the latter group is focused on cutting costs and developing a lean organization able to cope up the increasingly global business environment. If the economy is healthy, a fine balance can be achieved between these two conflicts. But factors beyond the control of an organization like competition and more severe recession on a national and global scale can force the management to bring down expenses through such procedures like layoffs. While the management generally goes about this procedure with a level of cold and inhuman attitude, it is the workers that bear the blunt (economic and social) of being left without a job. Thi s section deals with the attitude of the workers subject to layoffs. There could be genuine reasons why such an action is taken by the management. For example, a worker or a group of employees may not be up to the mark of performance criteria set up by the organization. According to a business article, such actions can even extend to acts of insubordination. These can be justified that workers have gone against the common good of that organization. But in other instances, layoffs occur due to no fault of the employee. In such cases, the mindset of those affected can be encapsulated as follows – â€Å"No matter the cause for dismissal, telling a worker that his or her services are no longer required is a difficult statement to make. You may cushion the blow with praise, you may justify it with numbers, or you may cite the worker's poor performance as the reason, but no matter what you say to the fired employee and no matter how you explain it, the end result can be devastatin g to both parties involved† (Davis, 2009).

Internet Censorship in the United Arab Emirates Essay

Internet Censorship in the United Arab Emirates - Essay Example This essay tells that internet censorship also allows the control of ideas and information within the Internet, some countries such as those within the United Arab Emirates does control the information over some of the internet connected computers. It is a form of â€Å"total internet censorship,† the concept is, however, difficult to implement due to the improvement and the continuous distribution of internet technology. Generally, the concept of internet censorship involves the limiting of information that can be accessed on the Internet for a particular set of reasons; the concept involves the suppression of assessing and publishing content online. This, in turn, means that censorship involves blocking the information at the time of publishing the information or controlling sites designed to inhibit the access of the online information. The concept at times involves a form of deceitful techniques, in these instances, the government blocks the information and at the same tim e lead the public into believing that the concept is not applied. In most cases, the application of the concept involves issuing fake ISP which provides a â€Å"not found† error message when the internet user requests to access the page. In most cases people tend to ignore the administrative control of online information, however, in the concept of internet censorship, the administrative body (the government) possesses the power to block the reception of specific information and the reception of certain sites. Some of the most prominent countries which adapt to the concept include North Korea, Vietnam, China, Burma, and Saudi Arabia (as per the Paris government organization), however, even with the known countries, other countries adapt to the concept with the belief that the concept is beneficial to the whole country. Internet censorship acts as a regulatory necessity which aims at ‘protecting’ against larger issues within the society, those that oppose the conc ept believe that the authoritative control within the concept imposes the basic rights and also infringes the freedom of the press.

Party debate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Party debate - Assignment Example ed States multiparty system would have been practiced, the government would have failed to make decisions in a timely manner because it would have failed to attain the majority votes required to pass legislation. Another benefit is that such a political system provides clarity to the voters in deciding which party to vote. This is because in two party systems the two opposing parties are either in favor or against a particular agenda and voters finds it easy to vote for the candidates of that party which is supporting their side of the agenda. For example, the two political parties of United States are either in favor of gay marriage or they oppose it. This allows the American citizens with the ease of selecting the candidate of the party that supports their viewpoints (Bibby, 2008). In my opinion it is better to have a two party system and such a system should continue in the United States because it provides the government with the power to make decisions in a timely manner which m ay be delayed in a multiparty system. Due to late decision making, the effectiveness and the value of the decision is lost and citizens of a particular nation end up experiencing

Referring to at least two of Ted Hughes' poems, discuss how the poet Essay

Referring to at least two of Ted Hughes' poems, discuss how the poet makes use of the natural landscape - Essay Example Ted Hughes nature poems include Wind, Rain, October Dawn and November. Wind is a wholly descriptive poem. It describes a storm .The description and the fierce mood nature is beautifully recorded in it. The portrayal of a tremendous dramatic picture of a landscape severely affected by weather is fully packed with imagery. The poem begins with a kind of metaphor It Seems to the poet that The house in which he is sitting at this time had been out at sea all night. He has this feeling because all night a storm had been raging. It seemed to the inmates that the house was being buffeted on the sea by the raging wind and waves. According to Alan Bold this poem takes as its physical starting point the house of Hughes parent’s. Hughes descries that house as some fine green goblet† The poem is full of magnificently arranged physical images which transform the so-called ordinary objects into objects of wonder. The comparison of te house to a ship is beautiful. â€Å"The house has been far out at sea all night. ... The difficulty in moving against the wind is also created by saying â€Å" I scaled along the house –side†¦..The landscape containing hills suddenly changing to a tend during the dreadful storm ,the magpie which was flung away etc gives the moving landscape instead of the stillness in some other poems. Wind is a not a tough poem to a reader who had some personal experience with of a furious storm Hughes was writing what he experienced during his stay there. On the subject of the poem Hughes himself said† On and off I live in the house on top of a hill in the penniness where the wind blows without obstruction across the top of the moors . I have experienced some gale in that house and wind is a poem I once wrote about them. In writing that poem I was mainly concerned with the strength of the blast, the way it seems to shake the world up like a box of toys†. ‘The rain’ is another notable poem of Ted Hughes in which we get a powerful display of a la ndscape affected by rain. This poem beautifully sketches the graphic visionary images of the rain. It has been raining. The rain brought floods and then came frost. After the frost there was more rain. Thus we get different pictures in quick succession. The opening line contains picture if rain floods frost, roof drumming, the purple bare woods heaved water and sleet. Then follow pictures of the fields, the hedge, the hill a, farm toads cows, a pheasant soaked thickets and so on. Through this long series of pictures the landscape affected by the rain closely viewed by the readers. The keen observer or perceiver in the poet Ted Hughes is most active in this poem Crab Robinson says that Hughes takes microscopic visual close

Party debate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Party debate - Assignment Example ed States multiparty system would have been practiced, the government would have failed to make decisions in a timely manner because it would have failed to attain the majority votes required to pass legislation. Another benefit is that such a political system provides clarity to the voters in deciding which party to vote. This is because in two party systems the two opposing parties are either in favor or against a particular agenda and voters finds it easy to vote for the candidates of that party which is supporting their side of the agenda. For example, the two political parties of United States are either in favor of gay marriage or they oppose it. This allows the American citizens with the ease of selecting the candidate of the party that supports their viewpoints (Bibby, 2008). In my opinion it is better to have a two party system and such a system should continue in the United States because it provides the government with the power to make decisions in a timely manner which m ay be delayed in a multiparty system. Due to late decision making, the effectiveness and the value of the decision is lost and citizens of a particular nation end up experiencing

Tammy Hall Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tammy Hall Society - Essay Example President Franklin Roosevelt also withdrew federal support for Tammany. All of these actions weakened Tammany Hall. After a brief comeback in the 1950’s, Tammany Hall was destroyed by the Democrat Party’s resistance led by Eleanor Roosevelt. Tammany Hall no longer exists today. Many well recognized historical figures from New York were associated with Tammany Hall, such as Aaron Burr. In the beginning, Tammany Hall wanted to involve themselves in politics in order to run their agendas. However as the society progressed, the more and more corrupt in became. Most New York elections were controlled by Tammany Hall after 1829 (Myers, 2005: 61). As opposition groups like the Loco-Focos became stronger, Tammany Hall started focusing on support from immigrants (Myers, 2005: 102). Immigration in New York has always been high. Thus an every changing group backed Tammany Hall. Immigrants came to America dirt poor, so Tammany Hall provided basic needs in return for their vote (Myers, 2005: 128-129). For example, a faster naturalization process was put in place by William M. Tweed by creating committees to pay fees, fill out forms, or get witnesses. The Judges had to grant citizenship because the Tammany Hall provided the immigrant with everything (Connable and Silber farb, 1967:154). This started the political corruption and favors for votes. There are many instances of grafting and political corruption within the time Tammany Hall had influenced, two instances will be examined; the Harlem gangs in the 1920’s and Judge Joseph Crater. The Harlem gangs were controlled by Dutch Schultz (Bell, 2009). What history has forgotten was James J. Hines, the Democratic Party boss located in Manhattan (Bell, 2009). In the 1920’s the Democratic Party bosses were affiliated with Tammany Hall, so James Hines must have been part of Tammany Hall. James Hines gave Schultz a tip on Harlem’s â€Å"number

Analysing the Internal Environment Of Ryanair

Analysing the Internal Environment Of Ryanair Ryanair entered the airline market in 1985 and since then has enjoyed success not only in the European market but also globally as well. Ryanair revolutionised the airline industry by offering passenger the lowest fares thereby positioning itself as a dominant player by gaining a huge market and becoming an intensive competitor for traditional airlines like British Airways, Lufthansa etc. (Eleanor OHiggins,2007) Strengths The cost reduction strategy adopted by Ryanair can be regarded as a key factor for it success and distinguishing itself in the industry. According to (Lawton, 2002, cited in FrederikBoesk, 2005) analysis of Ryanair the company adopts a low cost model to curb their expenses e.g. it reduces catering and cleaning costs by adopting the no frills . Opting to land in secondary airports helps in paying low landing charges and cheaper parking due to less presence of traffic. (Barrett 2004 cited in Fredrick 2005, p8).By providing online ticket purchase and check in facilities Ryanair eliminates the need for staff and travel desks thereby investing the funds on marketing and promotion (Eleanor OHiggins, 2007). Ryanair beats its competitors with regard to passenger service .Apart from provides cheap fares and fewer lost bags Ryanair flights are punctual (88% flights arrive on time) and the company received fewer complaints and response to 99% of the complaints within a period of 7 days. The company was also recognised as Europes greenest, cleanest airline. This explains the reason that Ryanair is the worlds favourite airline and why over 73m passenger choose to fly them. (Ryanair Annual Report 2010) Ryanair has a very strong operational capacity its currently operating 1400 flights per day from 44 bases and 1100 plus low fare routes across 27 countries. It shows why customers choose Ryanair making it the largest and most successful European airline (Ryanair 2010) Weaknesses One of the weakness of Ryanair is bad publicity.IN 2006 a documentary called Ryanair caught napping highlighted issues like aircraft unhygienic ways, poor staff moral and not conducting security procedures properly. The Guardian.co.uk (2010) cites that Ryanair plans to introduce coin operated toilets and standing area for passengers on its flight but safety officials say it will not come into effect for at least two years. With majority of customers being price sensitive the above issues taken up by Ryanair will cause concern and affect their customers buying decisions and losing them to other competitors or full service airlines. Relationship between the staff and the airline has also experienced sore notes. According to ft.com (2010) Michael OLeary plans to cut expenses by removing co-pilots since the computer does most of the flying now. This resulted in employers approaching the media and challenging the company to replace Michael OLeary by junior flight attendant to save more cost. The axing of co-pilots has raised safety concerns among travellers. Value Chain Analysis Of Ryanair Michael Porters Value Chain helps in analysing the primary and supporting activities along with Ryanairs operational strategy which are responsible for creating and delivering its services. With reference to the Value Chain Analysis at Appendix A conducted shows that the company is able to create robust revenues despite selling low cost fares this is attributed to Ryanair ability to sustain its costs to a minimum level such as online and ticketless bookings, flying to secondary airports, usage of only Airbus 737-800s resulting in investing less in staff training and maintenance costs. It can be clear identified that the companys main core competences is efficient cost management. Financial Analysis Of Ryanair with Aer Lingus The financial performance of Ryanair was able to generate revenues despite the financial crisis that had a severe impact on other airline carriers leading to closures or declaring bankruptcy. The company reported a Net Profit of Euro 318.8M for 2010 which was an increase of 280% from 2009s Euro 104.9M .With Ryanairs cost efficient ways ,increase passenger traffic and operating new routes along with competitive prices Ryanair is able to maintain its position as the Number one carrier in the world. In order to analysis the financial strength of Ryanair a comparison has been made between Aer Lingus in which Ryanair owns 26.2% shares. Financial Analysis Ryanair Vs Aer Lingus Key Performance Indicators 1) Return On Capital Employed ryanair-logo aer lingus With growth of net profitability of Ryanair dropping from 16.2% to -6.1% from 2008-09 as a result of high fuel prices which affected 45% operating profit and due to collapse of Aer Lingus shares that written down Ryanair investment to Euro 79.7M in 2009.This resulted in Ryanair ROCE dropping from 11.3% to 1.9%. In 2010 ROCE rose to 6.7% with increasing operations however with the termination of Ryanairs contract with Boeing the capital expenditure is likely to decrease in further since Ryanair plans not to invest in aircraft for the next 3 years. Ryanair also has strong capital employed ranging from Euro 4770.6M to Euro 6013.8M indication the companys high level of operations. The net profitability of Air Lingus reduced from 9.7% to -12.9% for 2007-2009.Air Lingus experienced operating loss of Euro93M due to cancellation in flights, restricting costs etc. Capital employed by the company ranges from Euro 1364M to Euro 1272 indicating small operations to Ryanair. 2) Current Ratio aer lingusryanair-logo Ryanair is more liquid is comparison to Aer Lingus thus enabling the company to fund capital expenditure as well as pay shareholders with the strong cash flow Ryanair generates from revenues and companys operations. The companys current assets are more than current liabilities thereby proving Ryanair has strong financial strength. 3) Interest Coverage ryanair-logoaer lingus Ryanair interest coverage is sufficient since the company is able to generate revenue to satisfy interest expense .In 2009 due to Air Lingus share drop ( Ryanair having 29.8% share )revenues was affected greatly to a huge extend thereby effecting its ability to pay its debtors in 2009.Aer Lingus performance over the past years suffered losses which resulted in the company having insufficient funds for their interest expense. Primary Activities Inbound logistics Ryanair has a contract agreement since 1998 with Boeing which provides large aircrafts such as the Boeing 737-800s and have a seating capacity of 189 passengers and is able to fly for longer hours without refuelling and is equipped with the latest aviation technology. The new aircraft is complaisant with the 2002 EU regulation Chapter 3 noise reduction requirements. But in 2009 news.bbc.co.uk (2009) reported that Ryanair ended its contracted with Boeing over the purchase of 200 aircrafts .The company plans to increase its cash flow by not investing into aircraft purchases and use its existing aircraft till 2015.Inorder to escape from the high fuel prices Ryanair has entered into fuel hedging to escape the rising fuel charges. By doing so Ryanair is able not to impose these charges onto the passengers travel fares. Operations Services Ryanair operates on a large scale with flying to 1,100 routes and operating 1,300 flights per day. With such heavy operations and its low fare policy Ryanair is able to make profit and dominate the market .This is due to Ryanair being able to lower its operation cost and adopting the no frills policy. Ryanair uses only Boeing 737-800s aircrafts thereby reducing the cost for training, maintenance, purchase and storage of spare parts. With internet booking facility and online check in the company eliminates the need for staff and systems to a great extend. Outbound Logistics Choosing secondary airports not only is Ryanair able to reduce landing charges and escape heavy traffic from primary airports which has enable it to achieve faster turnover time, fewer terminal delays and lower handling cost. Marketing And Sales Ryanair marketing strategy is used to promote its low cost and competitive prices to its customer. Newspapers, internet and press conferences are the marketing mediums used by the company. The companys website accounts for a huge share in the firms profit. Michael O Leary Ryanairs chief executive unusual public antics such as dressing up as the Pope or St Patrick and outspokenness has helped in promoting the image of Ryanair to the public. Support Activities Procurement As mentioned earlier Ryanair contract with Boeing has enabled the company to reduce its costs due to purchase and usage of only Boeing 737-800s aircrafts. Technology Developments Ryanair utilizes the internet extensively by launching its internet reservation system for customer to purchase and check in online. The Ryanair website accounts for 99% of the companys annual sales. Human Resource Management With all the cost reduction strategies adopted by Ryanair the presence of crew and staff is limited and as a result company can invest less on the training and management of its staff. Infrastructure Ryanair has its corporate headquarters based in the republic of Ireland.

The Hobbit - The Motivation Of Lust :: essays research papers

Anyone who had something of great value stolen from him would try to get it back. Even if that person had to go to high risks to reclaim what was theirs. In the book The Hobbit, a hobbit named Bilbo Baggins, a wizard named Gandalf, and thirteen dwarves have to get back their lost treasure that a character named Smaug stole. To reclaim their treasure they have to travel a long distance to the Lonely Mountain where Smaug is hiding . Throughout their journey they encounter many life-hindering experiences. Dangers and obstacles pop up everywhere. The reason why this group goes to such great lengths to get their treasure is because of one reason, which is their motivation of lust. Lust created the conflict in this story. The conflict is the most important literary element because it directly affects everyone in the story. There are many conflicts, but the main one is between the dwarves and their lust for their lost treasure that Smaug has stolen. This conflict creates the basis for the story. Plus, there were conflicts added on because of this main conflict. Their journey to the Lonley Mountain consisted of one conflict after another. Even though the conflicts on their journey are not as important as the main conflict, they are what make this book interesting. Tolkien's choice of the main conflict is not the most creative. It is based upon the traditional story of "going out and taking back what is yours." If I had to choose something I didn't like about the book, it would be this simple plot. It is a good thing he added such adventurous conflicts to this story, otherwise it would not be a good piece of literature. Through the conflicts in this story, the author has a lesson for the reader. The lesson is if one wants something bad enough, he must be ready to suffer the consequences. To claim the treasure the group has to go through a lot. Some examples of this are being abducted by an army of goblins, being captured by giant spiders, and being captured by woodland elves. If a person has a goal for himself, he too will have to go through hard times. The only way the group succeeded is by having lust and pride drive them on. A person with a goal must also have something to drive him towards his goal. Lust is what carrys them to their goal.

Essay --

Who knew the two most powerful African Americans that influence countless of people in history and wrote their one of many most inspirational work while locked up in jail? Martin Luther King Jr. was incarcerated because the city officials issued a court injunction to prohibit the civil rights marches in Birmingham. Whereas, Malcolm x was arrested for burglary while trying to pick up a stolen watch he had left for repairs at a jewelry shop. The fight for civil right was taken in the 1960's, where racism was a problem. Whites discriminated blacks because they thought they weren't equal to them. This is where Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcom X come in, they are well known African Americans leaders who fought for what they believed, in many different ways. Martin Luther King Jr. are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights leader who grew up in a middle class family and was well educated. King was always against violence, even thru his entire ministry. He believed in an integrated society between blacks and whites in one American society based upon the promises of the founding fathers of American that all men were created equal and had the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Even though, he was physically and verbally attacked he always stood his ground and never fought with violence. While in jail for 8 days Martin Luther King Jr. compose â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† The letter was evidently a response to a letter that recently ran in the local newspapers by the Birmingham Clergy. Which had claimed that the protesters were â€Å"unwise and untimely†. However, Dr. King chose to express himself in writing instead of violence, by replying â€Å"Seldom, ... ...res, and plunder, and power.† By reading all these books it built hatred towards the whites and anticipated as a necessarily to fight for the human rights of the African American people. In contrast, to Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X decided to fight violence with violence. As a result of his action, know his well known as the ideal civil rights activists for African Americans. Martin Luther King and Malcolm x are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Martin Luther King Jr. preferred a nonviolence approach to the situation. Whereas, Malcolm X handled racism in a violent approach. However, both man believed African Americans deserved their human rights and equal say. Martin Luther King Jr. believed in an integrated society while Malcolm X wanted African Americans to have their segregated neighborhoods just as good as the whites. Essay -- Who knew the two most powerful African Americans that influence countless of people in history and wrote their one of many most inspirational work while locked up in jail? Martin Luther King Jr. was incarcerated because the city officials issued a court injunction to prohibit the civil rights marches in Birmingham. Whereas, Malcolm x was arrested for burglary while trying to pick up a stolen watch he had left for repairs at a jewelry shop. The fight for civil right was taken in the 1960's, where racism was a problem. Whites discriminated blacks because they thought they weren't equal to them. This is where Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcom X come in, they are well known African Americans leaders who fought for what they believed, in many different ways. Martin Luther King Jr. are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights leader who grew up in a middle class family and was well educated. King was always against violence, even thru his entire ministry. He believed in an integrated society between blacks and whites in one American society based upon the promises of the founding fathers of American that all men were created equal and had the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Even though, he was physically and verbally attacked he always stood his ground and never fought with violence. While in jail for 8 days Martin Luther King Jr. compose â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† The letter was evidently a response to a letter that recently ran in the local newspapers by the Birmingham Clergy. Which had claimed that the protesters were â€Å"unwise and untimely†. However, Dr. King chose to express himself in writing instead of violence, by replying â€Å"Seldom, ... ...res, and plunder, and power.† By reading all these books it built hatred towards the whites and anticipated as a necessarily to fight for the human rights of the African American people. In contrast, to Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X decided to fight violence with violence. As a result of his action, know his well known as the ideal civil rights activists for African Americans. Martin Luther King and Malcolm x are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Martin Luther King Jr. preferred a nonviolence approach to the situation. Whereas, Malcolm X handled racism in a violent approach. However, both man believed African Americans deserved their human rights and equal say. Martin Luther King Jr. believed in an integrated society while Malcolm X wanted African Americans to have their segregated neighborhoods just as good as the whites.

Catalase Write Up

This experiment was performed to determine the factors that positively influence catalase reaction rates in the break down of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase enzyme activity was measured through its break down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen through the displacement of water. We compared the decomposition rates in samples with varying pH levels of 2-10. The samples with the most neutral ph level decomposed hydrogen peroxide the quickest and most efficiently. Hypothesis Catalase is a fast working enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and gas. dictionary. com) Many factors affect the break down of hydrogen peroxide, one of the main factors that relates to the human body is pH levels. With the presence of strong acids or strong bases the production rate of oxygen gas will increase the rate of reaction. As quoted from allsciencefair. com â€Å"The optimal pH range is about 7-8 (physiological pH of most cells), but a few enzymes can work at extreme pH, such as prote ase enzymes in animal stomachs, which have an optimum of pH 1. This shows that for the human body catalase needs to be able to function properly at extreme pH levels, proving where our hypothesis was drawn from. http://www. all-science-fair-projects. com/science_fair_projects/105/901/69adbb37c02f0fb4f8b674fbae189d9f. html Procedure Record the pH level of the mix between catalase and the acid/base Dip the circles of filter paper into the mixture and place on top of the inside of the glass bottle. Add 5mL of hydrogen peroxide into the glass bottle ensuring that none touches the opening or the filter paper.Place the bottle in the water tray and slide the nossel under the graduated cylinder full of water. Flip the bottle so the hydrogen peroxide mixes with the catalase filter paper. Measure the production of oxygen gas every 5 seconds for 1 minute. Repeat for the remaining pH levels. Materials -Sulphuric Acid (0. 05M) -Potassium hydroxide (0. 05M and 0. 5M) -Catalase -water tray -3 250m L beakers -pH paper -3 eye droppers -2 graduated Cylinders -Dissection probe -filter paper -Hole Punch -Water -Distilled water -square glass container with nossel -Safety glassesThrough the results that were gained in our experiment the information proves that as pH level’s move towards their extremes, the rate of oxygen produced decreases severely. As you can see in our sixth trial on day 2 the pH was recorded at f 7 with a rate of reaction of INSERT # HERE indicating to us our middle value to compare other data to. When looking at the trends of trial 1 which is a pH of 5 you can see that the rate decreases as it becomes more acidic, then when comparing to trial 4 with a pH of 2 there is no oxygen gas being produced.Similarly when the solution becomes more basic the rate decreases as we can see in trial two which yields a pH of 8. As the curve of best fit demonstrates as the pH increases or decreases from the neutral of 7 the reaction rate approach’s 0. In the human b ody all organs produce catalase but the greatest quantity of catalase is found in the liver. In completing this experiment and analyzing the results it is noticeable that for the human body to have it’s greatest rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, a neutral environment is a necessity.If the human body was to suffer from a case of acidosis where the body became to acidic it would negatively affect the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by slowing do the process. Hydrogen Peroxide is created by many enzymes in our body that break down fatty acids and amino acids. When the hydrogen peroxide is created its kept in peroxisomes as it can be damaging. Peroxisomes are also where our catalase is stored allowing for the easy break down of the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. http://www. madsci. org/posts/archives/1999-09/938519528. Bc. r. html http://www. scribd. com/doc/90888398/Catalase-Blood-Hydrogen-Peroxide

Reflection and Reaction Paper Of Human Evolution Essay

INTRODUCTION Planet Of Life: Apes to Man narrated by Stacy Steach, tells us about the origin Of Human Evolution. According to the documentary film, 100, 000, 000 years Ago, the world was first inhabited by the dinosaurs. But, because of the asteroid 6 miles wide That struck the earth; it brought the end of the reign of the Dinosaurs. After being strucked by The Asteroid, the earth became life less. But, insects and plants and some small Mammals would Survive and populate the landscape. And, one of these is the Pregatoria, One of earth’s First Primate. It was an arboreal animal. The Earth regained its life source and bass tropical rainforest For hundreds of generation. This Large Habitat would nurture new families of primates. One of the oldest known signs of our origin and arrival are hominid imprints dating back 3 Million and a Half years ago. Human evolved from primates perhaps the apes that once lived in Southern Africa. This sumptuous forest may have helped to shape human kinds direct ancestors. In Lake Victoria in Kenya, Rusinga Island, The team led by Mary Leakey discovered the partial Skeleton Up a distant relative dating 60 Million Years Ago. Over decades Rusinga became Remarkable evidence of Human origins. There, found a Proconsul, these are earliest known ape. No other fossil ancestor has been reconstructed in such details. With their long fingers they Could grasp the branches firmly. They’ve been said to be related to humans, despite years of Analysis and ongoing scientific inquiry, it is not yet found possible to name all the limbs to Human Family Tree.

Essay on Poverty Essay

â€Å"I often asked what is the most serious form of human rights violation in the world today and my reply is consistent: extreme poverty.† (Mary Robinson, 2002) World Poverty: New policies to defeat old enemies, Bristol: The Policy Press, 2002, p. x1 This essay will account for and assess ways in which contemporary society seeks to end world poverty by doing the following. As poverty mean different things to different societies the essay will give a meaning for poverty that will mirror this; it will refer primarily to theoretical perspectives of, Amartya Sen and will draw on studies of Peter Townsend, then it will examine how malnutrition, lack of education, debt and unequal life chances can cause the cycle of poverty. Finally, it will inform on how world organizations like World Bank, United Nations and Steven Sinnot Foundation are trying to improve living standards of millions. There is over one billion people living in extreme poverty in the world, Poverty shows itself in many different ways; they include not having a job or any means of earning or making a livelihood; hunger and malnutrition; ill health; limited or lack of access to education and other basic necessities; increases the risk of untimely death; homelessness; unsafe environments and social discrimination and exclusion. (Alcock 2006). There are two types of poverty; absolute which is where people do not have the means to obtain the basic necessities to survive, they live on less than $1 (US) per day, on the other hand there is relative this is where people have jobs but the wage is so low that they cannot afford the necessities that others in their societies have, they could be relegated to absolute poverty with change of circumstance example becoming ill and having to give up work. (Gibbons, 2006). In 1995 in Copenhagen, the Millennium Campaign was created and agreed by 117 United Nations States at the World Submit on Social Development. The declaration dedicated the UK to the, goal ending poverty in the world through specific actions and with the cooperation of other international communities. After this task, forces were set up focusing upon different aspects of global poverty. Alcock, 2006), p, 48. Peter Townsend theoretical stance on poverty is poverty equals low income and a disadvantaged lifestyle, people are poor when they cannot afford to buy the normal things like others in the society in which they belong; they are  deprived of the lifestyle they should have. He sees poverty as relative. I believe that he was possibly influenced by the benefit system in the UK in which he was born. Whereas Amartya Sen see poverty as â€Å"unfreedoms†, his theoretical stance is that poverty is deprivation of â€Å"basic capability† not having the ability to work rather than not having any income, some of the reasons suggested are being too young or too old, gender and social roles, pregnancy and child care. He sees poverty as â€Å"absolute†. I believe his theories are influences by the society in which they were born and raised, a third world country with most of the population lacking the basic necessities to survive. (Alcock, 2006). Even in richer countries some groups within the society are very disadvantaged they do not have access to health care, education, jobs or any economic security. America is one of the world’s superpower yet it has the highest poverty rate of any rich nation, According to the census bureau, 15 percent of Americans or more than 46 million people, live below the poverty line, defined as an annual income of $23,000 for a family with two children. Of those, six million live in extreme poverty, with an income of half that or less. (Cornwell, 2012) One of the causes of poverty is malnutrition, the United Nation World Food Program projected that 830 million people go hungry each day, most of them in the developing countries with calorie intake of fewer than 1,800 not enough to keep an adult with the energy needed to lead an active healthy life or to be able provide for themselves and their family, it takes their dignity away. Of that number 200 million are children under the age of 5 years, they are underweight and ill, every year 12 million of them die of starvation, with so many children dying the future of their countries are gloomy. Another cause is lack of education, According to the United Nations International Labour Organization more than 218 million children one in every four are working in developing countries. 126 million are working in hazardous conditions, some work as servants for rich families, others work in agriculture and manufacturing, hotels they work long hours on very low wage, as result they are unable to go to school to learn skills that would offer them hope of ending the cycle that would most likely help out of poverty, so the cycle goes on. (Giddens, 2009) Trade, Africa, though one of the poorest countries is rich in natural resources such as timber and oil but trading with the rest of the world is  made difficult because of poor infrastructure, corruption the impact of AIDs on the population of working age. The rules of trade are very stringent and benefit the developed countries more than the poor ones, the poor countries are under cut by the rich as a result they are at a disadvantage. They end up with debt which they cannot pay back (Gibbons, 2009) Unequal life chances is another cause, there is an enormous difference in standards of living between people in rich and poor countries. 40 percent of the world’s poor live in poor countries, they live in absolute poverty. Almost a third of them are undernourished and almost all are illiterate, lacking access to basic education. Many are from tribes or ethnic groups that differ from the dominant group in the society in which they live as a result they are discriminated against. The high income countries accounts for 15 percent of the world’s population they are responsible for 79 percent of the world’s annual output of wealth. They have decent housing, enough food, they have safe drinking water and so many life comforts that the poor countries could only dream off. There are also large numbers poor people in those rich countries but they live in relative as oppose to absolute poverty. (Giddens, 2006) Education would make such a difference to these children and their families lives; it would provide them with skills needed to do skilled work, which would result in economic growth. Also educated people are less likely to have large families thus reducing toe world population. Education is an investment for the future; it is the quickest way to getting poor people out of poverty as seen in Katine which is an area in north east Uganda, population 25,000. A project called Katine Project is run in partnership with Barclays, The Guardian Newspaper and African Medical Research. It is structured around five key components, health, education, water and sanitation, income generation and empowers communities. It is centered on the schools in the area; its aim is to empower its young students. 4000 text books has been supplied to the schools, there is a 21 percent rise in enrolment with more disabled students, orphans and girls joining. Access to comprehensive education is key to the program. As a result of programs like these children world over will gain the skills needed to be able to compete for jobs, make informed choices, and become productive citizens of  their countries. (Engage, Issue six) World organizations such as World Bank, World Health Organization and The United Nations development program have tirelessly supported the cause of international poverty in different countries across the world. They have put together Millennium goals aimed at helping to get rid of poverty, some of the goals are to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water set in 2000, and they have produced annual report on the different aspects of the international dimensions of poverty. (Alcock, 2006) With so many millions of rich people in our world there should not be poverty on the scale in which we have examined. What is poverty? It is a type of cancer that needs to be cured, malnutrition saps energy away from people and as a result they are too weak to provide for themselves and their families they are left weak and helpless, Lack of education keeps people lacking the skills needed to give them a fighting chance of getting out of the poverty trap. Government s of the world have created Goals in an effort to end this travesty, hopefully these goals will be fulfilled and in the next decade we would have done enough to eliminated poverty. 1,529 words References Books Poverty in the United Kingdom, Peter Townsend, (1979) Sociology, sixth edition, Anthony Giddens, (2009) Understanding Poverty, third edition, Pete Alcock, (2006) Journal Articles World Poverty: New policies to defeat old enemies, Bristol: The Policy Press, 2002, p, xi Engage, issue six (The Steve Sinnott Foundation) Newspaper Article Rupert Cornwell, the Independent on Sunday 21 October 2012.

An Evaluation of Professional Placement Activities Research Paper

An Evaluation of Professional Placement Activities - Research Paper Example Legal-World’s legal entity form follows that of a partnership which â€Å"is a business owned by more than one person, with its equity consisting of a separate capital account for each partner†. It is co-owned by five lawyers who have contributed equal proportions to the firm’s capital account. Legal-World’s, aside from continuously developing and maintaining an efficient, expedient, less costly, and adaptive system of delivering legal services, also strive in providing a cultural- and nationality-specific system of extending legal services which accurately respond to the varying client concerns, specifically immigration personal injury concerns of its multinational pool of clients. With clients hailing from various countries (the Philippines, Singapore), Legal-World sees it as an must to tailor its services to suit the specific requirements of their different clients, especially as to legal considerations relevant to the respective home countries of their clients. Yet, although Legal-World strives for specificity in the services it provides, still as to its internal hiring practices, Legal-World seeks to attract, hire, and maintain, as it does hire and maintain, competent subject matter experts who have extensive general knowledge on all sorts of personal injury litigations. Legal-World does this knowing very well that although clients’ legal debacles may require ad hoc solutions, still, one client’s personal injury case cannot be as different to another client’s as to fall under a different practice area altogether.